Guerras envolvendo os Estados Unidos ao
longo de sua história:
Extraterritorial and major domestic
deployments US.
Portions of this list are from the
Congressional Research Service report RL30172.[1]
1775–1799
1775–83 – American
Revolutionary War: an armed struggle for secession from the British Empire by
the Thirteen Colonies that would subsequently become the United States.
1776–77 – Second
Cherokee War: a series of armed conflicts when the Cherokee fought to prevent
the encroachment of American settlers into eastern Tennessee and eastern
Kentucky; under British rule, this land had been preserved as native territory.
1776–94 –
Cherokee–American wars: a continuation of the Second Cherokee War that included
a larger number of native tribes attempt to halt the expansion of settlers into
Kentucky and Tennessee
1785–95
–
Northwest Indian War: a series of battles with various native tribes in
present-day Ohio. The goal of the campaign was to affirm American sovereignty
over the region and to create increased opportunities for settlement.
1786–87 – Shays'
Rebellion: a Western Massachusetts debtor's revolt over a credit squeeze that
had financially devastated many farmers. The federal government was fiscally
unable to raise an army to assist the state militia in combating the uprising;
the weakness of the national government bolstered the arguments in favor of
replacing the Articles of Confederation with an updated governmental framework.
1791–94 – Whiskey
Rebellion: a series of protests against the institution of a federal tax on the
distillation of spirits as a revenue source for repaying the nation's war
bonds. The revolt was centered upon southwestern Pennsylvania, although
violence occurred throughout the Trans-Appalachian region.
1798–1800 – Quasi-War: an
undeclared naval war with France over American default on its war debt. An
additional mitigating factor was the continuation of American trade with
Britain, with whom their former French allies were at war. This contest
included land actions, such as that in the Dominican Republic city of Puerto
Plata, where U.S. Marines captured a French vessel under the guns of the forts.
Congress authorized military action through a series of statutes.[1]
1799–1800 – Fries'
Rebellion: a string of protests against the enactment of new real estate taxes
to pay for the Quasi-War. Hostilities were concentrated in the communities of
the Pennsylvania Dutch.
1800–1809
1801–05 – First Barbary
War: a series of naval battles in the Mediterranean against the Kingdom of
Tripoli, a quasi-independent state of the Ottoman Empire. Action was in
response to the capture of numerous American ships by the infamous Barbary
pirates. The federal government rejected the Tripolitan request for an annual
tribute to guarantee safe passage, and an American naval blockade ensued. After
the seizure of the USS Philadelphia, American forces under William Eaton invaded
coastal cities. A peace treaty resulted in the payment of a ransom for the
return of captured American soldiers and only temporarily eased hostilities.[1]
1806 – Action in
Spanish Mexico: The platoon under Captain Zebulon Pike invaded Spanish
territory at the headwaters of the Rio Grande on orders from General James
Wilkinson. He was made prisoner without resistance at a fort he constructed in
present-day Colorado, taken to Mexico, and later released after seizure of his
papers.[RL30172]
1806–10 – Action in the
Gulf of Mexico: American gunboats operated from New Orleans against Spanish and
French privateers off the Mississippi Delta, chiefly under Captain John Shaw
and Master Commandant David Porter.[1]
1810–1819
1810 – West Florida
(Spanish territory): Governor William C. C. Claiborne of Louisiana, on orders
of President James Madison, occupied with troops territory in dispute east of
the Mississippi as far as the Pearl River, later the eastern boundary of
Louisiana. He was authorized to seize as far east as the Perdido
River.[RL30172]
1812 – Amelia Island
and other parts of east Florida, then under Spain: Temporary possession was
authorized by President James Madison and by Congress, to prevent occupation by
any other power; but possession was obtained by General George Mathews in so
irregular a manner that his measures were disavowed by the President.[RL30172]
1812–15 – War of 1812:
On June 18, 1812, the United States declared war against the United Kingdom.
Among the issues leading to the war were British impressment of American
sailors into the Royal Navy, interception of neutral ships and blockades of the
United States during British hostilities with France. [RL30172]
1813 – West Florida
(Spanish territory): On authority given by Congress, General Wilkinson seized
Mobile Bay in April with 600 soldiers. A small Spanish garrison gave way. Thus
U.S. troops advanced into disputed territory to the Perdido River, as projected
in 1810. No fighting.[RL30172]
1813–14 – Marquesas
Islands (French Polynesia): U.S. forces built a fort on the island of Nuku Hiva
to protect three prize ships which had been captured from the British.[RL30172]
1814 – Spanish
Florida: General Andrew Jackson took Pensacola and drove out the British
forces.[RL30172]
1814–25 – Caribbean:
Engagements between pirates and American ships or squadrons took place
repeatedly especially ashore and offshore about Cuba, Puerto Rico, Santo
Domingo, and Yucatán. Three thousand pirate attacks on merchantmen were
reported between 1815 and 1823. In 1822, Commodore James Biddle employed a
squadron of two frigates, four sloops of war, two brigs, four schooners, and
two gunboats in the West Indies.[RL30172]
1815 – Algiers: The
Second Barbary War was declared against the United States by the Dey of Algiers
of the Barbary states, an act not reciprocated by the United States. Congress
did authorize a military expedition by statute. A large fleet under Captain Stephen
Decatur attacked Algiers and obtained indemnities.[RL30172]
1815 – Tripoli:
After securing an agreement from Algiers, Captain Decatur demonstrated with his
squadron at Tunis and Tripoli, where he secured indemnities for offenses during
the War of 1812.[RL30172]
1816 – Spanish
Florida: United States forces destroyed Negro Fort, which harbored fugitive
slaves making raids into United States territory.[RL30172]
1816–18 – Spanish
Florida – First Seminole War: The Seminole Indians, whose area was a haven for
escaped slaves and border ruffians, were attacked by troops under General
Jackson and General Edmund P. Gaines and pursued into northern Florida. Spanish
posts were attacked and occupied, British citizens executed. In 1819 the
Floridas were ceded to the United States.[RL30172]
1817 – Amelia Island
(Spanish territory off Florida): Under orders of President James Monroe, United
States forces landed and expelled a group of smugglers, adventurers, and
freebooters. This episode in Florida's history became known as the Amelia
Island Affair.[RL30172]
1818 – Oregon: The
USS Ontario dispatched from Washington, which made a landing at the mouth of
the Columbia River to assert US claims. Britain had conceded sovereignty but
Russia and Spain asserted claims to the area.[RL30172] Subsequently, American
and British claims to the Oregon Country were resolved with the Oregon Treaty
of 1846.[RL30172]
1820–1829
1820–23 – Africa: Naval
units raided the slave traffic pursuant to the 1819 act of Congress.
[RL30172][Slave Traffic]
1822 – Cuba: United
States naval forces suppressing piracy landed on the northwest coast of Cuba
and burned a pirate station.[RL30172]
1823 – Cuba: Brief
landings in pursuit of pirates occurred April 8 near Escondido; April 16 near
Cayo Blanco; July 11 at Siquapa Bay; July 21 at Cape Cruz; and October 23 at
Camrioca.[RL30172]
1824 – Cuba: In
October the USS Porpoise landed sailors near Matanzas in pursuit of pirates.
This was during the cruise authorized in 1822.[RL30172]
1824 – Puerto Rico
(Spanish territory): Commodore David Porter with a landing party attacked the
town of Fajardo which had sheltered pirates and insulted American naval
officers. He landed with 200 men in November and forced an apology. Commodore
Porter was later court-martialed for overstepping his powers.[RL30172]
1825 – Cuba: In
March cooperating American and British forces landed at Sagua La Grande to
capture pirates.[RL30172]
1827 – Greece:[2] In
October and November, landing parties hunted pirates on the Mediterranean
islands of Argentiere (Kimolos), Myconos, and Andros.[RL30172]
1830–1839
1831–32 – Falkland
Islands: Captain Silas Duncan of the USS Lexington attacked, looted and burned
the Argentine town of Puerto Soledad in Malvinas islands. This was in response
to the capture of three American sailing vessels which were detained after
ignoring orders to stop depredation of local fishing resources without
permission from the Argentine government. Subsequently the islands were invaded
by the UK in 1833 remaining to this day.[RL30172]
1832 – Attack on
Quallah Battoo: Sumatra, Indonesia – February 6 to 9, U.S. forces under
Commodore John Downes aboard the frigate USS Potomac landed and stormed a fort
to punish natives of the town of Quallah Battoo for plundering the American
cargo ship Friendship.[RL30172]
1833 – Argentina:
October 31 to November 15, A force was sent ashore at Buenos Aires to protect
the interests of the United States and other countries during an
insurrection.[RL30172]
1835–36 – Peru:
December 10, 1835 to January 24, 1836 and August 31 to December 7, 1836,
Marines protected American interests in Callao and Lima during an attempted
revolution.[RL30172]
1835–42 – Florida
Territory: United States Navy supports the Army's efforts at quelling uprisings
and attacks on civilians by Seminole Indians. Government's efforts to relocate
the Seminoles to west of the Mississippi are hindered by 7 years of war.
1838 – The Caroline
affair on Navy Island, Canada: After the failure of the Upper Canada Rebellion
of 1837 favoring Canadian democracy and independence from the British Empire;
William Lyon Mackenzie and his rebels fled to Navy Island where they declared
the Republic of Canada. American sympathizers sent supplies on the SS Caroline,
which was intercepted by the British and set ablaze, after killing one American.
It was falsely reported that dozens of Americans were killed as they were
trapped on board, and American forces retaliated by burning a British steamer
while it was in U.S. waters.
1838–39 – Sumatra
(Indonesia): December 24, 1838 to January 4, 1839, A naval force landed to
punish natives of the towns of Quallah Battoo and Muckie (Mukki) for
depredations on American shipping.[RL30172]
1840–1849
1840 – Fiji Islands:
In July, naval forces landed to punish natives for attacking American exploring
and surveying parties.[RL30172]
1841 – McKean Island
(Drummond Island/Taputenea), Gilbert Islands (Kingsmill Group), Pacific Ocean:
A naval party landed to avenge the murder of a seaman by the natives.[RL30172]
1841 – Samoa: On
February 24, a naval party landed and burned towns after the murder of an
American seaman on Upolu.[RL30172]
1842 – Mexico:
Commodore Thomas ap Catesby Jones, in command of a squadron long cruising off
California, occupied Monterey, California, on October 19, believing war had
come. He discovered peace, withdrew, and saluted. A similar incident occurred a
week later at San Diego.[RL30172]
1843 – China:
Sailors and marines from the St. Louis were landed after a clash between
Americans and Chinese at the trading post in Canton.[RL30172]
1843 – Africa: From
November 29 to December 16, four United States vessels demonstrated and landed
various parties (one of 200 marines and sailors) to discourage piracy and the
slave trade along the Ivory Coast, and to punish attacks by the natives on
American seamen and shipping.[RL30172]
1844 – Mexico:
President Tyler deployed U.S. forces to protect Texas against Mexico, pending
Senate approval of a treaty of annexation (which was later rejected). He
defended his action against a Senate resolution of inquiry.[RL30172]
1846–48 –
Mexican–American War: On May 13, 1846, the United States recognized the
existence of a state of war with Mexico. After the annexation of Texas in 1845,
the United States and Mexico failed to resolve a boundary dispute and President
Polk said that it was necessary to deploy forces in Mexico to meet a threatened
invasion.
The war ended with the Treaty of
Guadalupe Hidalgo, signed on February 2, 1848. The treaty gave the U.S.
undisputed control of Texas, established the U.S.–Mexican border of the Rio
Grande, and ceded to the United States the present-day states of California,
Nevada, Utah, and parts of Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico, and Wyoming. In
return, Mexico received US$18,250,000 (about $499,000,000 in 2016)[3] — less
than half the amount the U.S. had attempted to offer Mexico for the land before
the opening of hostilities.[RL30172]
1849 – Smyrna
(İzmir, Turkey): In July, a naval force gained release of an American seized by
Austrian officials.[RL30172]
1850–1859
1851 – Ottoman
Empire: After a massacre of foreigners (including Americans) at Jaffa in
January, a demonstration by the Mediterranean Squadron was ordered along the
Turkish (Levantine) coast.[RL30172]
1851 – Johanna
Island (modern Anjouan, east of Africa): In August, forces from the U.S.
sloop-of-war Dale exacted redress for the unlawful imprisonment of the captain
of an American whaling brig.[RL30172]
1852–53 – Argentina:
February 3 to 12, 1852; September 17, 1852 to April 1853: Marines were landed
and maintained in Buenos Aires to protect American interests during a
revolution.[RL30172]
1853 – Nicaragua:
March 11 to 13, US forces landed to protect American lives and interests during
political disturbances.[RL30172]
1853–54 – Japan:
Commodore Matthew Perry and his expedition made a display of force leading to
the "opening of Japan".[RL30172]
1853–54 – Ryūkyū and
Bonin Islands (Japan): Commodore Matthew Perry on three visits before going to
Japan and while waiting for a reply from Japan made a naval demonstration,
landing marines twice, and secured a coaling concession from the ruler of Naha
on Okinawa; he also demonstrated in the Bonin Islands with the purpose of
securing facilities for commerce.[RL30172]
1854 – China: April
4 to June 17, American and English ships landed forces to protect American
interests in and near Shanghai during Chinese civil strife.[RL30172]
1854 – Nicaragua: On
July 9–15, naval forces bombarded and burned San Juan del Norte (Greytown) to
avenge an insult to the American Minister to Nicaragua.[RL30172]
1855 – China: On May
19–21, U.S. forces protected American interests in Shanghai and, from August 3
to 5 fought pirates near Hong Kong.[RL30172]
1855 – Fiji Islands:
From September 12 to November 4, an American naval force landed to seek
reparations for attacks on American residents and seamen.[RL30172]
1855
–
Uruguay: On November 25–29, United States and European naval forces landed to
protect American interests during an attempted revolution in
Montevideo.[RL30172]
1856 – Panama,
Republic of New Grenada: On September 19–22, U.S. forces landed to protect
American interests during an insurrection.[RL30172]
1856 – China: From October
22 to December 6, U.S. forces landed to protect American interests at Canton
during hostilities between the British and the Chinese, and to avenge an
assault upon an unarmed boat displaying the United States flag.[RL30172]
1857–58 – Utah War: The
Utah War was a dispute between Mormon settlers in Utah Territory and the United
States federal government. The Mormons and Washington each sought control over
the government of the territory, with the national government victorious. The
confrontation between the Mormon militia and the U.S. Army involved some
destruction of property, but no actual battles between the contending military
forces.
1857 – Nicaragua:
April to May, November to December. In May, Commander Charles Henry Davis of
the United States Navy, with some marines, received the surrender of William
Walker, self-proclaimed president of Nicaragua, who was losing control of the
country to forces financed by his former business partner, Cornelius
Vanderbilt, and protected his men from the retaliation of native allies who had
been fighting Walker. In November and December of the same year United States
vessels USS Saratoga, USS Wabash, and Fulton opposed another attempt of William
Walker on Nicaragua. Commodore Hiram Paulding's act of landing marines and
compelling the removal of Walker to the United States, was tacitly disavowed by
Secretary of State Lewis Cass, and Paulding was forced into
retirement.[RL30172]
1858 – Uruguay: From
January 2 to 27, forces from two United States warships landed to protect
American property during a revolution in Montevideo.[RL30172]
1858 – Fiji Islands:
From October 6 to 16, a marine expedition with the USS Vandalia killed 14
natives and burned 115 huts in retaliation for the murder of two American
citizens at Waya.[RL30172] [Vandalia 1] [Vandalia 2]
1858–59 – Ottoman
Empire: The Secretary of State requested a display of naval force along the
Levant after a massacre of Americans at Jaffa and mistreatment elsewhere
"to remind the authorities (of the Ottoman Empire) of the power of the
United States."[RL30172]
1859 – Paraguay:
Congress authorized a naval squadron to seek redress for an attack on a naval
vessel in the Paraná River during 1855. Apologies were made after a large
display of force.[RL30172]
1859 – Mexico: Two
hundred United States soldiers crossed the Rio Grande in pursuit of the Mexican
nationalist Juan Cortina.[RL30172] [1859 Mexico]
1859
–
China: From July 31 to August 2, a naval force landed to protect American
interests in Shanghai.[RL30172]
1860–1869
1860 – Angola,
Portuguese West Africa: On March 1, American residents at Kissembo called upon
American and British ships to protect lives and property during problems with
natives.[RL30172]
1860 – Colombia, Bay
of Panama: From September 27 to October 8, naval forces landed to protect American
interests during a revolution.[RL30172]
1861–65 – American
Civil War: A major war between the United States (the Union) and eleven
Southern states which declared that they had a right to secession and formed
the Confederate States of America.
1863 – Japan: July
16, Naval battle of Shimonoseki: The USS Wyoming retaliated against a firing on
the American vessel Pembroke at Shimonoseki.[RL30172]
1864 – Japan: From
July 14 to August 3, naval forces protected the United States Minister to Japan
when he visited Yedo to negotiate concerning some American claims against
Japan, and to make his negotiations easier by impressing the Japanese with
American power.[RL30172]
1864 – Japan: From
September 4 to 14, naval forces of the United States, Great Britain, France,
and the Netherlands compelled Japan and the Prince of Nagato in particular to
permit the Straits of Shimonoseki to be used by foreign shipping in accordance
with treaties already signed.[RL30172]
1865 – Panama: On
March 9 and 10, US forces protected the lives and property of American
residents during a revolution.[RL30172]
1865–77 – Southern
United States – Reconstruction following the American Civil War: The South is
divided into five Union occupation districts under the Reconstruction Act.
1866 – Mexico: To
protect American residents, General Sedgwick and 100 men in November obtained
surrender of Matamoros, on the border state of Tamaulipas. After three days he
was ordered by US Government to withdraw. His act was repudiated by the
President.[RL30172]
1866 – China: From
June 20 to July 7, US forces punished an assault on the American consul at
Newchwang.[RL30172]
1867 – Nicaragua:
Marines occupied Managua and Leon.
1867 – Formosa
(island of Taiwan): On June 13, a naval force landed and burned a number of
huts to punish the murder of the crew of a wrecked American vessel.
1868 – Japan (Osaka,
Hiolo, Nagasaki, Yokohama, and Negata): February 4 to 8, April 4 to May 12,
June 12 and 13. US forces were landed to protect American interests during a
civil war (Boshin War) in Japan.[RL30172]
1868 – Uruguay: On
February 7–8, and 19–26, US forces protected foreign residents and the
customhouse during an insurrection at Montevideo.[RL30172]
1868 – Colombia: In
April, US forces protected passengers and treasure in transit at Aspinwall
during the absence of local police or troops on the occasion of the death of
the President of Colombia.[RL30172]
1870–1879
1870 – Battle of
Boca Teacapan: On June 17 and 18, US forces destroyed the pirate ship Forward,
which had been run aground about 40 miles up the Teacapan Estuary in
Mexico.[RL30172]
1870 – Kingdom of
Hawaii: On September 21, US forces placed the American flag at half-mast upon
the death of Queen Kalama, when the American consul at Honolulu would not
assume responsibility for so doing.[RL30172]
1872 – Korea:
Shinmiyangyo – June 10 to 12, A US naval force attacked and captured five forts
to force stalled negotiations on trade agreements and to punish natives for
depredations on Americans, particularly for executing the crew of the General
Sherman and burning the schooner (which in turn happened because the crew had
stolen food and kidnapped a Korean official), and for later firing on other
American small boats taking soundings up the Salee River. [RL30172]
1873 – Colombia (Bay
of Panama): May 7 to 22, September 23 to October 9. U.S. forces protected
American interests during hostilities between local groups over control of the
government of the State of Panama.[RL30172]
1873–96 – Mexico:
United States troops crossed the Mexican border repeatedly in pursuit of cattle
thieves and other brigands.[RL30172]
1874 – Honolulu
Courthouse Riot: From February 12 to 20, detachments from American vessels were
landed to protect the interests of Americans living in the Kingdom of Hawaii
during the coronation of a new king.[RL30172]
1876 – Mexico: On
May 18, an American force was landed to police the town of Matamoros, Mexico,
temporarily while it was without other government.[RL30172]
1878 – Lincoln
County, New Mexico: On July 15–19, during the Battle of Lincoln (1878) (part of
the Lincoln County War) 150 cavalry-men arrived from Fort Stanton, under the
command of Lieutenant George Smith (later Colonel Nathan Dudley) to assist the
Murphy-Dolan Faction in attacking the Lincoln County Regulators vigilante
group. 5 dead, 8–28 wounded.[citation needed]
1880–1889
1882 – Egyptian
Expedition: July 14 to 18, American forces landed to protect American interests
during warfare between British and Egyptians and looting of the city of
Alexandria by Arabs.[RL30172]
1885 – Panama
(Colón): January 18 and 19, US forces were used to guard the valuables in
transit over the Panama Railroad, and the safes and vaults of the company
during revolutionary activity. In March, April, and May in the cities of Colón
and Panama, the forces helped reestablish freedom of transit during revolutionary
activity (see Burning of Colón).[RL30172]
1888 – Korea: June,
A naval force was sent ashore to protect American residents in Seoul during
unsettled political conditions, when an outbreak of the populace was
expected.[RL30172]
1888
–
Haiti: December 20, A display of force persuaded the Haitian Government to give
up an American steamer which had been seized on the charge of breach of
blockade.[RL30172]
1888–89 – Samoan
crisis; First Samoan Civil War; Second Samoan Civil War: November 14, 1888 to March
20, 1889, US forces were landed to protect American citizens and the consulate
during a native civil war.[RL30172]
1889 – Kingdom of
Hawaii: July 30 and 31, US forces at Honolulu protected the interests of
Americans living in Hawaii during an American led revolution.[RL30172]
1890–1899
1890 – Argentina: A
naval party landed to protect US consulate and legation in Buenos
Aires.[RL30172]
1890 – South Dakota:
December 29, Soldiers of the US Army 7th Cavalry killed 178 Sioux Amerindians
following an incident over a disarmament-inspection at a Lakota Sioux
encampment near Wounded Knee Creek. 89 other Amerinds were injured, 150 were
reported missing; Army casualties were 25 killed, 39 wounded.[citation needed]
1891 – Haiti: US
forces sought to protect American lives and property on Navassa
Island.[RL30172]
1891 – Bering Sea
Anti-Poaching Operations: July 2 to October 5, Naval forces sought to stop seal
poaching.[RL30172]
1891 – Itata
Incident: US and European naval forces intercepted and detained a shipment of
arms sent to the Congressionalist forces in the Chilean Civil War.
1891 – Chile: August
28 to 30, US forces protected the American consulate and the women and children
who had taken refuge in it during a revolution in Valparaíso.[RL30172]
1892 – Homestead
Strike: On July 6, Striking miners attack Pinkerton National Detective Agency
agents attempting to break the strike by bringing non-union workers to the
mine. 6,000 Pennsylvania state militiamen sent to reinstate law and order. 16
dead, 27–47 wounded
1892
–
Wyoming: April 11 to April 13, U.S. Cavalry sent to breakup a gun battle at the
TA Ranch. Johnson County War
1893 – Overthrow of
the Hawaiian Kingdom: January 16 to April 1, Marines landed in Hawaii,
ostensibly to protect American lives and property, but many believed actually
to promote a provisional government under Sanford B. Dole. This action was
disavowed by President Cleveland, and the United States apologized in
1993.[RL30172]
1894 – Nicaragua:
July 6 to August 7, US forces sought to protect American interests at
Bluefields following a revolution.[RL30172]
1894–95 – China:
Marines were stationed at Tientsin and penetrated to Peking for protection
purposes during the First Sino-Japanese War.[RL30172]
1894–95 – China: A
naval vessel was beached and used as a fort at Newchwang for protection of
American nationals.[RL30172]
1894–96 – Korea: July
24, 1894 to April 3, 1896, A guard of marines was sent to protect the American
legation and American lives and interests at Seoul during and following the
Sino-Japanese War.[RL30172]
1895 – Colombia:
March 8 and 9, US forces protected American interests during an attack on the
town of Bocas del Toro by a bandit chieftain.[RL30172]
1896 – Nicaragua:
May 2 to 4, US forces protected American interests in Corinto during political
unrest.[RL30172]
1898 – Nicaragua:
February 7 and 8, US forces protected American lives and property at San Juan
del Sur.[RL30172]
1898 –
Spanish–American War: On April 25, 1898, the United States declared war with
Spain, ostensibly aligned with Cuban rebels. The war followed a Cuban
insurrection, the Cuban War of Independence against Spanish rule and the
sinking of the USS Maine in the harbor at Havana.[RL30172]
1898–99 – Samoa: Second
Samoan Civil War, a conflict that reached a head in 1898 when Germany, the
United Kingdom, and the United States were locked in dispute over who should
have control over the Samoan island chain.
1898–99 – China:
November 5, 1898 to March 15, 1899, US forces provided a guard for the legation
at Peking and the consulate at Tientsin during contest between the Dowager
Empress and her son.[RL30172]
1899 – Nicaragua:
American and British naval forces were landed to protect national interests at
San Juan del Norte, February 22 to March 5, and at Bluefields a few weeks later
in connection with the insurrection of Gen. Juan P. Reyes.[RL30172]
1899–1913 – Philippine
Islands: Philippine–American War, US forces protected American interests
following the war with Spain, defeating Filipino revolutionaries seeking
immediate national independence.[RL30172] The U.S. government declared the
"insurgency" officially over in 1902, when the Filipino leadership
generally accepted American rule. Skirmishes between government troops and
armed groups lasted until 1913, and some historians consider these unofficial
extensions of the war.[4]
1900–1909
1900 – China: From
May 24 to September 28, Boxer Rebellion. American troops participated in
operations to protect foreign lives during the Boxer uprising, particularly at
Peking. For many years after this experience a permanent legation guard was
maintained in Peking, and was strengthened at times as trouble
threatened.[RL30172]
1901 – Colombia
(State of Panama): From November 20 to December 4. (See: Separation of Panama
from Colombia) US forces protected American property on the Isthmus and kept
transit lines open during serious revolutionary disturbances.[RL30172]
1902 – Colombia:
From April 16 to 23, US forces protected American lives and property at Bocas
del Toro during a civil war.[RL30172]
1902 – Colombia
(State of Panama): From September 17 to November 18, the United States placed
armed guards on all trains crossing the Isthmus to keep the railroad line open,
and stationed ships on both sides of Panama to prevent the landing of Colombian
troops.[RL30172]
1903 – Honduras:
From March 23 to 30 or 31, US forces protected the American consulate and the
steamship wharf at Puerto Cortes during a period of revolutionary
activity.[RL30172]
1903 – Dominican
Republic: From March 30 to April 21, a detachment of marines was landed to
protect American interests in the city of Santo Domingo during a revolutionary
outbreak.[RL30172]
1903 – Syria: From
September 7 to 12, US forces protected the American consulate in Beirut when a
local Muslim uprising was feared.[RL30172]
1903–04 – Abyssinia
(Ethiopia): Twenty-five Marines were sent to Abyssinia to protect the US Consul
General while he negotiated a treaty.[RL30172]
1903–14 – Panama: US
forces sought to protect American interests and lives during and following the
revolution for independence from Colombia over construction of the Isthmian
Canal. With brief intermissions, United States Marines were stationed on the
Isthmus from November 4, 1903 to January 21, 1914 to guard American
interests.[RL30172]
1904 – Dominican
Republic: From January 2 to February 11, American and British naval forces
established an area in which no fighting would be allowed and protected
American interests in Puerto Plata and Sosua and Santo Domingo City during
revolutionary fighting.[RL30172]
1904 – Tangier,
Morocco: "We want either Perdicaris alive or Raisuli dead." A
squadron demonstrated to force release of a kidnapped American. Marines were
landed to protect the consul general.[RL30172]
1904
–
Panama: From November 17 to 24, U.S forces protected American lives and
property at Ancon at the time of a threatened insurrection.[RL30172]
1904–05 – Korea: From
January 5, 1904 to November 11, 1905, a guard of Marines was sent to protect
the American legation in Seoul during the Russo-Japanese War.[RL30172]
1906–09 – Cuba: From
September 1906 to January 23, 1909, US forces sought to protect interests and
re-establish a government after revolutionary activity.[RL30172]
1907 – Honduras:
From March 18 to June 8, to protect American interests during a war between
Honduras and Nicaragua, troops were stationed in Trujillo, Ceiba, Puerto
Cortes, San Pedro Sula, Laguna and Choloma.[RL30172]
1910–1919
1910 – Nicaragua:
From May 19 to September 4, Occupation of Nicaragua. U.S. forces protected
American interests at Bluefields.[RL30172]
1911 – Honduras: On
January 26, American naval detachments were landed to protect American lives
and interests during a civil war in Honduras.[RL30172]
1911 – China: As the
Tongmenghui-led Xinhai Revolution approached, in October an ensign and 10 men
tried to enter Wuchang to rescue missionaries but retired on being warned away,
and a small landing force guarded American private property and consulate at
Hankow. Marines were deployed in November to guard the cable stations at
Shanghai; landing forces were sent for protection in Nanking, Chinkiang, Taku
and elsewhere.[RL30172]
1912 – Honduras: A
small force landed to prevent seizure by the government of an American-owned
railroad at Puerto Cortes. The forces were withdrawn after the United States
disapproved the action.[RL30172]
1912 – Panama:
Troops, on request of both political parties, supervised elections outside the
Panama Canal Zone.[RL30172]
1912 – Cuba: From
June 5 to August 5, U.S. forces protected American interests in Oriente
Province and in Havana.[RL30172]
1912 – China: August
24–26, on Kentucky Island, and August 26–30 at Camp Nicholson. U.S. forces
protected Americans and American interests during the Xinhai
Revolution.[RL30172]
1912 – Turkey: From
November 18 to December 3, U.S. forces guarded the American legation at
Constantinople during the First Balkan War[RL30172]
1912–25 – Nicaragua:
From August to November 1912, U.S. forces protected American interests during
an attempted revolution. A small force, serving as a legation guard and seeking
to promote peace and stability, remained until August 5, 1925.[RL30172]
1912–41 – China: The
disorders which began with the overthrow of the dynasty during Kuomintang
rebellion in 1912, which were redirected by the invasion of China by Japan, led
to demonstrations and landing parties for the protection of U.S. interests in
China continuously and at many points from 1912 on to 1941. The guard at Peking
and along the route to the sea was maintained until 1941. In 1927, the United
States had 5,670 troops ashore in China and 44 naval vessels in its waters. In
1933 the United States had 3,027 armed men ashore. The protective action was
generally based on treaties with China concluded from 1858 to 1901.[RL30172]
1913 – Mexico: From
September 5 to 7, a few marines landed at Ciaris Estero to aid in evacuating
American citizens and others from the Yaqui Valley, made dangerous for
foreigners by civil strife.[RL30172]
1914
–
Haiti: January 29 to February 9, February 20 and 21, October 19.
Intermittently, U.S. naval forces protected American nationals in a time of
rioting and revolution.[RL30172] The specific order from the Secretary of the
Navy to the invasion commander, Admiral William Deville Bundy, was to
"protect American and foreign" interests.[citation needed]
1914 – Dominican
Republic: In June and July, during a revolutionary movement, United States
naval forces by gunfire stopped the bombardment of Puerto Plata, and by threat
of force maintained Santo Domingo City as a neutral zone.[RL30172]
1914–17 – Mexico:
Tampico Affair led to Occupation of Veracruz, Mexico. Undeclared
Mexican–American hostilities followed the Tampico Affair and Villa's raids .
Also Pancho Villa Expedition) – an abortive military operation conducted by the
United States Army against the military forces of Francisco "Pancho"
Villa from 1916 to 1917 and included capture of Veracruz. On March 19, 1915 on
orders from President Woodrow Wilson, and with tacit consent by Venustiano
Carranza General John J. Pershing led an invasion force of 10,000 men into
Mexico to capture Villa.[RL30172]
1915–34 – Haiti: From
July 28, 1915 to August 15, 1934, United States occupation of Haiti. US forces
maintained order during a period of chronic political instability.[RL30172]
During the initial entrance into Haiti, the specific order from the Secretary
of the Navy to the invasion commander, Admiral William Deville Bundy, was to
"protect American and foreign" interests.[citation needed]
1916 – China:
American forces landed to quell a riot taking place on American property in
Nanking.[RL30172]
1916–24 – Dominican
Republic: From May 1916 to September 1924, Occupation of the Dominican
Republic. American naval forces maintained order during a period of chronic and
threatened insurrection.[RL30172]
1917 – China:
American troops were landed at Chungking to protect American lives during a
political crisis.[RL30172]
1917–18 – World War I:
On April 6, 1917, the United States declared war with Germany and on December
7, 1917, with Austria-Hungary. Entrance of the United States into the war was
precipitated by Germany's submarine warfare against neutral shipping and the
Zimmermann Telegram.[RL30172]
1917–22 – Cuba: U.S.
forces protected American interests during insurrection and subsequent
unsettled conditions. Most of the United States armed forces left Cuba by
August 1919, but two companies remained at Camaguey until February
1922.[RL30172]
1918–19 – Mexico: After
withdrawal of the Pershing expedition, U.S. troops entered Mexico in pursuit of
bandits at least three times in 1918 and six times in 1919. In August 1918,
American and Mexican troops fought at Nogales, Battle of Ambos Nogales. The
incident began when German spies plotted an attack with Mexican soldiers on
Nogales Arizona. The fighting began when a Mexican officer shot and killed a
U.S. soldier on American soil. A full-scale battle then ensued, ending with a
Mexican surrender.[RL30172]
1918–20 – Panama: U.S.
forces were used for police duty according to treaty stipulations, at Chiriqui,
during election disturbances and subsequent unrest.[RL30172]
1918–20 – Russian SFSR:
Marines were landed at and near Vladivostok in June and July to protect the
American consulate and other points in the fighting between the Bolshevik
troops and the Czech Army which had traversed Siberia from the western front. A
joint proclamation of emergency government and neutrality was issued by the
American, Japanese, British, French, and Czech commanders in July. In August
7,000 men were landed in Vladivostok and remained until January 1920, as part
of an allied occupation force. In September 1918, 5,000 American troops joined
the allied intervention force at Archangel and remained until June 1919. These
operations were in response to the Bolshevik revolution in Russia and were
partly supported by Czarist or Kerensky elements. [RL30172] For details, see
the American Expeditionary Force Siberia and the American Expeditionary Force
North Russia.
1919 – Dalmatia
(Croatia): U.S. forces were landed at Trau at the request of Italian
authorities to police order between the Italians and Serbs.[RL30172]
1919 – Turkey:
Marines from the USS Arizona were landed to guard the U.S. Consulate during the
Greek occupation of Constantinople.[RL30172]
1919 – Honduras:
From September 8 to 12, a landing force was sent ashore to maintain order in a
neutral zone during an attempted revolution.[RL30172]
1920–1929
1920 – China: On
March 14, a landing force was sent ashore for a few hours to protect lives
during a disturbance at Kiukiang.[RL30172]
1920 – Guatemala:
From April 9 to 27, U.S. forces protected the American Legation and other
American interests, such as the cable station, during a period of fighting
between Unionists and the Government of Guatemala.[RL30172]
1920–22 – Russia
(Siberia): From February 16, 1920 to November 19, 1922, a Marine guard was sent
to protect the United States radio station and property on Russian Island, Bay
of Vladivostok.[RL30172]
1921 – Panama and
Costa Rica: American naval squadrons demonstrated in April on both sides of the
Isthmus to prevent war between the two countries over a boundary
dispute.[RL30172]
1922 – Turkey: In
September and October, a landing force was sent ashore with consent of both
Greek and Turkish authorities, to protect American lives and property when the
Turkish nationalists entered İzmir (Smyrna).[RL30172]
1922–23 – China: From
April 1922 to November 1923, Marines were landed five times to protect
Americans during periods of unrest.[RL30172]
1924 – Honduras:
From February 28 to March 31, and from September 10 to 15, U.S. forces
protected American lives and interests during election hostilities.[RL30172]
1924 – China: In
September, Marines were landed to protect Americans and other foreigners in
Shanghai during Chinese factional hostilities.[RL30172]
1925 – China: From
January 15 to August 29, fighting of Chinese factions accompanied by riots and
demonstrations in Shanghai brought the landing of American forces to protect
lives and property in the International Settlement.[RL30172]
1925
–
Honduras: From April 19 to 21, U.S. forces protected foreigners at La Ceiba
during a political upheaval.[RL30172]
1925 – Panama: From
October 12 to 23, strikes and rent riots led to the landing of about 600
American troops to keep order and protect American interests.[RL30172]
1926–33 – Nicaragua:
From May 7 to June 5, 1926 and August 27, 1926 to January 3, 1933, the coup
d'état of General Chamorro aroused revolutionary activities leading to the
landing of American marines to protect the interests of the United States.
United States forces came and went intermittently until January 3,
1933.[RL30172]
1926 – China: In
August and September, the Nationalist attack on Hankow brought the landing of
American naval forces to protect American citizens. A small guard was
maintained at the consulate general even after September 16, when the rest of
the forces were withdrawn. Likewise, when Nationalist forces captured Kiukiang,
naval forces were landed for the protection of foreigners November 4 to
6.[RL30172]
1927 – China: In
February, fighting at Shanghai caused presence American naval forces and
marines to be increased. In March, a naval guard was stationed at American
consulate at Nanking after Nationalist forces captured the city. American and
British destroyers later used shell fire to protect Americans and other
foreigners. Subsequently additional forces of Marines and naval forces were
stationed in the vicinity of Shanghai and Tientsin.[RL30172]
1930–1939
1932
–
China: American forces were landed to protect American interests during the
Japanese occupation of Shanghai.[RL30172]
1932 – United
States: "Bonus Army" of 17,000 WWI veterans plus 20,000 family
cleared from Washington and then Anacostia flats "Hooverville" by 3rd
Cavalry and 12th Infantry Regiments under Gen. Douglas MacArthur, July 28.
1933 – Cuba: During
a revolution against President Gerardo Machado naval forces demonstrated but no
landing was made.[RL30172]
1934 – China:
Marines landed at Foochow to protect the American Consulate.[RL30172]
1940–1944
1940 – Newfoundland,
Bermuda, St. Lucia, – Bahamas, Jamaica, Antigua, Trinidad, and British Guiana:
Troops were sent to guard air and naval bases obtained under lease by
negotiation with the United Kingdom. These were sometimes called lend-lease
bases but were under the Destroyers for Bases Agreement.[RL30172]
1941 – Greenland:
Greenland was taken under protection of the United States in April.[RL30172]
1941 – Netherlands
(Dutch Guiana): In November, the President ordered American troops to occupy
Dutch Guiana, but by agreement with the Netherlands government in exile, Brazil
cooperated to protect aluminum ore supply from the bauxite mines in
Suriname.[RL30172]
1941 – Iceland:
Iceland was taken under the protection of the United States, with consent of
its government replacing British troops, for strategic reasons.[RL30172]
1941 – Germany:
Sometime in the spring, the President ordered the Navy to patrol ship lanes to
Europe. By July, U.S. warships were convoying and by September were attacking
German submarines. In November, in response to the October 31, 1941 sinking of
the USS Reuben James, the Neutrality Act was partly repealed to protect U.S.
military aid to Britain. [RL30172]
1941–45 – World War II:
On December 7, 1941, the United States declared war against Japan in response
to the bombing of Pearl Harbor. On December 11, Germany declared war against
the United States.[5]
1945–1949
1945 – China: In
October 50,000 U.S. Marines were sent to North China to assist Chinese
Nationalist authorities in disarming and repatriating the Japanese in China and
in controlling ports, railroads, and airfields. This was in addition to
approximately 60,000 U.S. forces remaining in China at the end of World War
II.[RL30172]
1945–49 – Occupation of
part of Germany.
1945–55 – Occupation of
part of Austria.
1945–52 – Occupation of
Japan.
1944–46 – Temporary
reoccupation of the Philippines during World War II and in preparation for
previously scheduled independence.[citation needed]
1945–47 – U.S. Marines
garrisoned in mainland China to oversee the removal of Soviet and Japanese
forces after World War II.[6]
1945–49 – Post-World
War II occupation of South Korea; North Korean insurgency in Republic of
Korea[7]
1946 – Trieste,
(Italy): President Truman ordered the increase of US troops along the zonal
occupation line and the reinforcement of air forces in northern Italy after
Yugoslav forces shot down an unarmed US Army transport plane flying over
Venezia Giulia..[citation needed] Earlier U.S. naval units had been sent to the
scene.[RL30172] Later the Free Territory of Trieste, Zone A.
1948
–
Jerusalem (British Mandate): A Marine consular guard was sent to Jerusalem to
protect the U.S. Consul General.[RL30172]
1948 – Berlin:
Berlin Airlift After the Soviet Union established a land blockade of the U.S.,
British, and French sectors of Berlin on June 24, 1948, the United States and
its allies airlifted supplies to Berlin until after the blockade was lifted in
May 1949.[RL30172]
1948–49 – China:
Marines were dispatched to Nanking to protect the American Embassy when the
city fell to Communist troops, and to Shanghai to aid in the protection and
evacuation of Americans.[RL30172]
1950–1959
Map of military operations since 1950
1950–53 – Korean War:
The United States responded to the North Korean invasion of South Korea by
going to its assistance, pursuant to United Nations Security Council
resolutions. US forces deployed in Korea exceeded 300,000 during the last year
of the active conflict (1953). Over 36,600 US military were killed in
action.[RL30172]
1950–55 – Formosa
(Taiwan): In June 1950, at the beginning of the Korean War, President Truman
ordered the U.S. Seventh Fleet to prevent Chinese Communist attacks upon
Formosa and Chinese Nationalist operations against mainland China.[RL30172]
1954–55 – China: Naval
units evacuated U.S. civilians and military personnel from the Tachen
Islands.[RL30172]
1955–64 – Vietnam:
First military advisors sent to Vietnam on 12 Feb 1955. By 1964, US troop
levels had grown to 21,000. On 7 August 1964, US Congress approved Gulf of
Tonkin resolution affirming "All necessary measures to repel any armed
attack against the forces of the United States. . .to prevent further
aggression. . . (and) assist any member or protocol state of the Southeast
Asian Collective Defense Treaty (SEATO) requesting assistance. .
."[Vietnam timeline]
1956 – Egypt: A
marine battalion evacuated US nationals and other persons from Alexandria
during the Suez Crisis.[RL30172]
1958 – Lebanon: 1958
Lebanon crisis, Marines were landed in Lebanon at the invitation of President
Camille Chamoun to help protect against threatened insurrection supported from
the outside. The President's action was supported by a Congressional resolution
passed in 1957 that authorized such actions in that area of the world.[RL30172]
1959–60 – The
Caribbean: Second Marine Ground Task Force was deployed to protect U.S.
nationals following the Cuban Revolution.[RL30172]
1959–75 – Vietnam War:
U.S. military advisers had been in South Vietnam for a decade, and their
numbers had been increased as the military position of the Saigon government
became weaker. After citing what he falsely termed were attacks on U.S.
destroyers, in what came to be known as the Gulf of Tonkin incident, President
Johnson asked in August 1964 for a resolution expressing U.S. determination to
support "freedom and protect peace in Southeast Asia." Congress
responded with the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, giving President Johnson
authorization, without a formal declaration of war by Congress, for the use of
conventional military force in Southeast Asia. Following this resolution, and
following a communist attack on a U.S. installation in central Vietnam, the
United States escalated its participation in the war to a peak of 543,000
military personnel by April 1969.[RL30172]
1960–1969
1961 – Cuba: The Bay
of Pigs Invasion, known in Hispanic America as Invasión de Bahía de Cochinos
(or Invasión de Playa Girón or Batalla de Girón), was an unsuccessful military
invasion of Cuba undertaken by the CIA-sponsored paramilitary group Brigade 2506
on 17 April 1961.
1962 – Thailand: The
Third Marine Expeditionary Unit landed on May 17, 1962 to support that country
during the threat of Communist pressure from outside; by July 30, the 5,000
marines had been withdrawn.[RL30172]
1962 – Cuba: Cuban
missile crisis, On October 22, President Kennedy instituted a
"quarantine" on the shipment of offensive missiles to Cuba from the
Soviet Union. He also warned Soviet Union that the launching of any missile
from Cuba against nations in the Western Hemisphere would bring about U.S.
nuclear retaliation on the Soviet Union. A negotiated settlement was achieved
in a few days.[RL30172]
1962–75 – Laos: From
October 1962 until 1975, the United States played an important role in military
support of anti-Communist forces in Laos.[RL30172]
1964 – Congo
(Zaïre): The United States sent four transport planes to provide airlift for
Congolese troops during a rebellion and to transport Belgian paratroopers to
rescue foreigners.[RL30172]
1965 – Invasion of
Dominican Republic: Operation Power Pack, The United States intervened to
protect lives and property during a Dominican revolt and sent 20,000 U.S.
troops as fears grew that the revolutionary forces were coming increasingly
under Communist control.[RL30172] A popular rebellion breaks out, promising to
reinstall Juan Bosch as the country's elected leader. The revolution is crushed
when U.S. Marines land to uphold the military regime by force. The CIA directs
everything behind the scenes.
1967 – Israel: The
USS Liberty incident, whereupon a United States Navy Technical Research Ship
was attacked June 8, 1967 by Israeli armed forces, killing 34 and wounding more
than 170 U.S. crew members.
1967
–
Congo (Zaïre): The United States sent three military transport aircraft with
crews to provide the Congo central government with logistical support during a
revolt.[RL30172]
1968 – Laos &
Cambodia: U.S. starts secret bombing campaign against targets along the Ho Chi
Minh trail in the sovereign nations of Cambodia and Laos. The bombings last at
least two years. (See Operation Commando Hunt)
1970–1979
1970 – Cambodian
Campaign: U.S. troops were ordered into Cambodia to clean out Communist
sanctuaries from which Viet Cong and North Vietnamese attacked U.S. and South
Vietnamese forces in Vietnam. The object of this attack, which lasted from
April 30 to June 30, was to ensure the continuing safe withdrawal of American
forces from South Vietnam and to assist the program of Vietnamization.[RL30172]
1972 – North
Vietnam: Christmas bombing Operation Linebacker II (not mentioned in RL30172,
but an operation leading to peace negotiations). The operation was conducted
from 18–29 December 1972. It was a bombing of the cities Hanoi and Haiphong by
B-52 bombers.
1973 – Operation
Nickel Grass, a strategic airlift operation conducted by the United States to
deliver weapons and supplies to Israel during the Yom Kippur War.
1974 – Evacuation
from Cyprus: United States naval forces evacuated U.S. civilians during the
Turkish invasion of Cyprus.[RL30172]
1975 – Evacuation
from Vietnam: Operation Frequent Wind, On April 3, 1975, President Ford
reported U.S. naval vessels, helicopters, and Marines had been sent to assist
in evacuation of refugees and US nationals from Vietnam.[RL30172]
1975 – Evacuation
from Cambodia: Operation Eagle Pull, On April 12, 1975, President Ford reported
that he had ordered U.S. military forces to proceed with the planned evacuation
of U.S. citizens from Cambodia.[RL30172]
1975 – South
Vietnam: On April 30, 1975, President Ford reported that a force of 70
evacuation helicopters and 865 Marines had evacuated about 1,400 U.S. citizens
and 5,500 third country nationals and South Vietnamese from landing zones in
and around the U.S. Embassy, Saigon and Tan Son Nhut Airport.[RL30172]
1975 – Cambodia:
Mayaguez incident, On May 15, 1975, President Ford reported he had ordered
military forces to retake the SS Mayaguez, a merchant vessel which was seized
from Cambodian naval patrol boats in international waters and forced to proceed
to a nearby island.[RL30172]
1976 – Lebanon: On
July 22 and 23, 1976, helicopters from five U.S. naval vessels evacuated
approximately 250 Americans and Europeans from Lebanon during fighting between
Lebanese factions after an overland convoy evacuation had been blocked by
hostilities.[RL30172]
1976 – Korea:
Additional forces were sent to Korea after two American soldiers were killed by
North Korean soldiers in the demilitarized zone between North and South Korea
while cutting down a tree.[RL30172]
1978 – Zaïre
(Congo): From May 19 through June, the United States utilized military
transport aircraft to provide logistical support to Belgian and French rescue
operations in Zaïre.[RL30172]
1980–1989
1980 – Iran:
Operation Eagle Claw, on April 26, 1980, President Carter reported the use of
six U.S. transport planes and eight helicopters in an unsuccessful attempt to
rescue the American hostages in Iran.
1980 – U.S. Army and
Air Force units arrive in the Sinai in September as part of "Operation Bright
Star". They are there to train with Egyptian armed forces as part of the
Camp David peace accords signed in 1979. Elements of the 101st Airborne
Division, (1st Battalion, 502nd Infantry) and Air Force MAC (Military Airlift
Command) units are in theater for four months & are the first U.S. military
forces in the region since World War II.
1981 – El Salvador:
After a guerrilla offensive against the government of El Salvador, additional
U.S. military advisers were sent to El Salvador, bringing the total to
approximately 55, to assist in training government forces in
counterinsurgency.[RL30172]
1981 – Libya: First
Gulf of Sidra incident, on August 19, 1981, U.S. planes based on the carrier
USS Nimitz shot down two Libyan jets over the Gulf of Sidra after one of the
Libyan jets had fired a heat-seeking missile. The United States periodically
held freedom of navigation exercises in the Gulf of Sidra, claimed by Libya as
territorial waters but considered international waters by the United
States.[RL30172]
1982 – Sinai: On
March 19, 1982, President Reagan reported the deployment of military personnel
and equipment to participate in the Multinational Force and Observers in the
Sinai. Participation had been authorized by the Multinational Force and
Observers Resolution, Public Law 97-132.[RL30172]
1982 – Lebanon:
Multinational Force in Lebanon, on August 21, 1982, President Reagan reported
the dispatch of 800 Marines to serve in the multinational force to assist in
the withdrawal of members of the Palestine Liberation force from Beirut. The
Marines left September 20, 1982.[RL30172]
1982–83 – Lebanon: On
September 29, 1982, President Reagan reported the deployment of 1200 marines to
serve in a temporary multinational force to facilitate the restoration of Lebanese
government sovereignty. On September 29, 1983, Congress passed the
Multinational Force in Lebanon Resolution (P.L. 98-119) authorizing the
continued participation for eighteen months.[RL30172]
1983 – Egypt: After
a Libyan plane bombed a city in Sudan on March 18, 1983, and Sudan and Egypt
appealed for assistance, the United States dispatched an AWACS electronic
surveillance plane to Egypt.[RL30172]
1983 – Grenada:
Operation Urgent Fury, citing the increased threat of Soviet and Cuban
influence and noting the development of an international airport following a
coup d'état and alignment with the Soviet Union and Cuba, the U.S. invades the
island nation of Grenada.[RL30172]
1983–89 – Honduras: In
July 1983, the United States undertook a series of exercises in Honduras that
some believed might lead to conflict with Nicaragua. On March 25, 1986, unarmed
U.S. military helicopters and crewmen ferried Honduran troops to the Nicaraguan
border to repel Nicaraguan troops.[RL30172]
1983 – Chad: On
August 8, 1983, President Reagan reported the deployment of two AWACS
electronic surveillance planes and eight F-15 fighter planes and ground
logistical support forces to assist Chad against Libyan and rebel
forces.[RL30172]
1984 – Persian Gulf:
On June 5, 1984, Saudi Arabian jet fighter planes, aided by intelligence from a
U.S. AWACS electronic surveillance aircraft and fueled by a U.S. KC-10 tanker,
shot down two Iranian fighter planes over an area of the Persian Gulf
proclaimed as a protected zone for shipping.[RL30172]
1985 – Italy: On
October 10, 1985, U.S. Navy pilots intercepted an Egyptian airliner and forced
it to land in Sicily. The airliner was carrying the hijackers of the Italian
cruise ship Achille Lauro who had killed an American citizen during the
hijacking.[RL30172]
1986 – Libya: Action
in the Gulf of Sidra (1986), on March 26, 1986, President Reagan reported on
March 24 and 25, U.S. forces, while engaged in freedom of navigation exercises
around the Gulf of Sidra, had been attacked by Libyan missiles and the United
States had responded with missiles.[RL30172]
1986 – Libya:
Operation El Dorado Canyon, on April 16, 1986, President Reagan reported that U.S.
air and naval forces had conducted bombing strikes on terrorist facilities and
military installations in the Libyan capitol of Tripoli, claiming that Libyan
leader Col. Muammar Gaddafi was responsible for a bomb attack at a German disco
that killed two U.S. soldiers.[RL30172]
1986 – Bolivia: U.S.
Army personnel and aircraft assisted Bolivia in anti-drug operations.[RL30172]
1987 – Persian Gulf:
USS Stark was struck on May 17 by two Exocet antiship missiles fired from a
Dassault Mirage F1 of the Iraqi Air Force during the Iran–Iraq War, killing 37
U.S. Navy sailors.
1987 – Persian Gulf:
Operation Nimble Archer. Attacks on two Iranian oil platforms in the Persian
Gulf by United States Navy forces on October 19. The attack was a response to
Iran's October 16, 1987 attack on the MV Sea Isle City, a reflagged Kuwaiti oil
tanker at anchor off Kuwait, with a Silkworm missile.
1987–88 – Persian Gulf:
Operation Earnest Will. After the Iran–Iraq War (the Tanker War phase) resulted
in several military incidents in the Persian Gulf, the United States increased
U.S. joint military forces operations in the Persian Gulf and adopted a policy
of reflagging and escorting Kuwaiti oil tankers through the Persian Gulf to
protect them from Iraqi and Iranian attacks. President Reagan reported that
U.S. ships had been fired upon or struck mines or taken other military action
on September 21 (Iran Ajr), October 8, and October 19, 1987 and April 18
(Operation Praying Mantis), July 3, and July 14, 1988. The United States gradually
reduced its forces after a cease-fire between Iran and Iraq on August 20,
1988.[RL30172] It was the largest naval convoy operation since World War II.[8]
1987–88 – Persian Gulf:
Operation Prime Chance was a United States Special Operations Command operation
intended to protect U.S.-flagged oil tankers from Iranian attack during the
Iran–Iraq War. The operation took place roughly at the same time as Operation
Earnest Will.
1988 – Persian Gulf: Operation Praying
Mantis was the April 18, 1988 action waged by U.S. naval forces in retaliation
for the Iranian mining of the Persian Gulf and the subsequent damage to an
American warship.
1988 – Honduras:
Operation Golden Pheasant was an emergency deployment of U.S. troops to
Honduras in 1988, as a result of threatening actions by the forces of the (then
socialist) Nicaraguans.
1988
–
USS Vincennes shoot-down of Iran Air Flight 655.
1988 – Panama: In
mid-March and April 1988, during a period of instability in Panama and as the
United States increased pressure on Panamanian head of state General Manuel
Noriega to resign, the United States sent 1,000 troops to Panama, to
"further safeguard the canal, US lives, property and interests in the
area." The forces supplemented 10,000 U.S. military personnel already in
the Panama Canal Zone.[RL30172]
1989 – Libya: Second
Gulf of Sidra incident. On January 4, 1989, two U.S. Navy F-14 aircraft based
on the USS John F. Kennedy shot down two Libyan jet fighters over the
Mediterranean Sea about 70 miles north of Libya. The U.S. pilots said the
Libyan planes had demonstrated hostile intentions.[RL30172]
1989 – Panama: On
May 11, 1989, in response to General Noriega's disregard of the results of the
Panamanian election, President Bush ordered a brigade-sized force of
approximately 1,900 troops to augment the estimated 1,000 U.S. forces already
in the area.[RL30172]
1989 – Colombia,
Bolivia, and Peru: Andean Initiative in War on Drugs, On September 15, 1989,
President Bush announced that military and law enforcement assistance would be
sent to help the Andean nations of Colombia, Bolivia, and Peru combat illicit
drug producers and traffickers. By mid-September there were 50–100 U.S.
military advisers in Colombia in connection with transport and training in the
use of military equipment, plus seven Special Forces teams of 2–12 persons to
train troops in the three countries.[RL30172]
1989 – Philippines:
Operation Classic Resolve, On December 2, 1989, President Bush reported that on
December 1, Air Force fighters from Clark Air Base in Luzon had assisted the
Aquino government to repel a coup attempt. In addition, 100 marines were sent
from U.S. Naval Base Subic Bay to protect the United States Embassy in
Manila.[RL30172]
1989–90 – Panama:
United States invasion of Panama and Operation Just Cause, On December 21,
1989, President Bush reported that he had ordered U.S. military forces to
Panama to protect the lives of American citizens and bring General Noriega to
justice. By February 13, 1990, all the invasion forces had been
withdrawn.[RL30172] Around 200 Panamanian civilians were reported killed. The
Panamanian head of state, General Manuel Noriega, was captured and brought to
the U.S.
1990–1999
1990 – Liberia: On
August 6, 1990, President Bush reported that a reinforced rifle company had
been sent to provide additional security to the U.S. Embassy in Monrovia, and
that helicopter teams had evacuated U.S. citizens from Liberia.[RL30172]
1990 – Saudi Arabia:
On August 9, 1990, President Bush reported that he launched Operation Desert
Shield by ordering the forward deployment of substantial elements of the U.S.
armed forces into the Persian Gulf region to help defend Saudi Arabia after the
August 2 invasion of Kuwait by Iraq. On November 16, 1990, he reported the
continued buildup of the forces to ensure an adequate offensive military
option.[RL30172]American hostages being held in Iran.[RL30172] Staging point for
the troops was primarily Bagram air field.
1991 – Iraq and
Kuwait: Gulf War, On January 16, 1991, in response to the refusal by Iraq to
leave Kuwait, U.S. and Coalition aircraft attacked Iraqi forces and military
targets in Iraq and Kuwait in conjunction with a coalition of allies and under
United Nations Security Council resolutions. On February 24, 1991, U.S.-led
United Nation (UN) forces launched a ground offensive that finally drove Iraqi
forces out of Kuwait within 100 hours. Combat operations ended on February 28,
1991, when President Bush declared a ceasefire.[RL30172]
1991–96 – Iraq:
Operation Provide Comfort, Delivery of humanitarian relief and military
protection for Kurds fleeing their homes in northern Iraq during the 1991
uprising, by a small Allied ground force based in Turkey which began in April
1991.
1991 – Iraq: On May
17, 1991, President Bush stated that the Iraqi repression of the Kurdish people
had necessitated a limited introduction of U.S. forces into northern Iraq for
emergency relief purposes.[RL30172]
1991 – Zaire: On
September 25–27, 1991, after widespread looting and rioting broke out in
Kinshasa, Air Force C-141s transported 100 Belgian troops and equipment into
Kinshasa. American planes also carried 300 French troops into the Central
African Republic and hauled evacuated American citizens.[RL30172]
1992 – Sierra Leone:
Operation Silver Anvil, Following the April 29 coup that overthrew President
Joseph Saidu Momoh, a United States European Command (USEUCOM) Joint Special Operations
Task Force evacuated 438 people (including 42 Third Country nationals) on May
3. Two Air Mobility Command (AMC) C-141s flew 136 people from Freetown, Sierra
Leone, to the Rhein-Main Air Base in Germany and nine C-130 sorties carried
another 302 people to Dakar, Senegal.[RL30172]
1992–96 – Bosnia and
Herzegovina: Operation Provide Promise was a humanitarian relief operation in
Bosnia and Herzegovina during the Yugoslav Wars, from July 2, 1992, to January
9, 1996, which made it the longest running humanitarian airlift in history.[9]
1992 – Kuwait: On
August 3, 1992, the United States began a series of military exercises in
Kuwait, following Iraqi refusal to recognize a new border drawn up by the
United Nations and refusal to cooperate with UN inspection teams.[RL30172]
1992–2003 – Iraq: Iraqi
no-fly zones, The U.S., United Kingdom, and its Gulf War allies declared and
enforced "no-fly zones" over the majority of sovereign Iraqi
airspace, prohibiting Iraqi flights in zones in southern Iraq and northern
Iraq, conducting aerial reconnaissance, and several specific attacks on Iraqi
air-defense systems as part of the UN mandate. Often, Iraqi forces continued
throughout a decade by firing on U.S. and British aircraft patrolling no-fly
zones.(See also Operation Northern Watch, Operation Southern Watch) [RL30172]
1992–95 – Somalia:
Operation Restore Hope, Somali Civil War: On December 10, 1992, President Bush
reported that he had deployed U.S. armed forces to Somalia in response to a
humanitarian crisis and a UN Security Council Resolution in support for UNITAF.
The operation came to an end on May 4, 1993. U.S. forces continued to
participate in the successor United Nations Operation in Somalia (UNOSOM
II).(See also Battle of Mogadishu)[RL30172]
1993–95
–
Bosnia: Operation Deny Flight, On April 12, 1993, in response to a United
Nations Security Council passage of Resolution 816, U.S. and NATO enforced the
no-fly zone over the Bosnian airspace, prohibited all unauthorized flights and
allowed to "take all necessary measures to ensure compliance with [the
no-fly zone restrictions]."
1993 – Macedonia: On
July 9, 1993, President Clinton reported the deployment of 350 U.S. soldiers to
the Republic of Macedonia to participate in the UN Protection Force to help
maintain stability in the area of former Yugoslavia.[RL30172]
1994 – Bosnia: Banja
Luka incident, NATO become involved in the first combat situation when NATO
U.S. Air Force F-16 jets shot down four of the six Bosnian Serb J-21 Jastreb
single-seat light attack jets for violating UN-mandated no-fly zone.
1994–95 – Haiti:
Operation Uphold Democracy, U.S. ships had begun embargo against Haiti. Up to
20,000 U.S. military troops were later deployed to Haiti to restore
democratically-elected Haiti President Jean-Bertrand Aristide from a military
regime which came into power in 1991 after a major coup.[RL30172]
1994 – Macedonia: On
April 19, 1994, President Clinton reported that the U.S. contingent in
Macedonia had been increased by a reinforced company of 200 personnel.[RL30172]
1995 – Bosnia:
Operation Deliberate Force, On August 30, 1995, U.S. and NATO aircraft began a
major bombing campaign of Bosnian Serb Army in response to a Bosnian Serb
mortar attack on a Sarajevo market that killed 37 people on August 28, 1995.
This operation lasted until September 20, 1995. The air campaign along with a
combined allied ground force of Muslim and Croatian Army against Serb positions
led to a Dayton Agreement in December 1995 with the signing of warring factions
of the war. As part of Operation Joint Endeavor, U.S. and NATO dispatched the
Implementation Force (IFOR) peacekeepers to Bosnia to uphold the Dayton
agreement.[RL30172]
1996 – Liberia:
Operation Assured Response, On April 11, 1996, President Clinton reported that
on April 9, 1996 due to the :"deterioration of the security situation and
the resulting threat to American citizens" in Liberia he had ordered U.S.
military forces to evacuate from that country "private U.S. citizens and
certain third-country nationals who had taken refuge in the U.S. Embassy compound...."[RL30172]
1996 – Central
African Republic, Operation Quick Response: On May 23, 1996, President Clinton
reported the deployment of U.S. military personnel to Bangui, Central African
Republic, to conduct the evacuation from that country of "private U.S.
citizens and certain U.S. government employees", and to provide
"enhanced security for the American Embassy in Bangui."[RL30172]
United States Marine Corps elements of Joint Task Force Assured Response,
responding in nearby Liberia, provided security to the embassy and evacuated
448 people, including between 190 and 208 Americans. The last Marines left
Bangui on June 22.
1996 – Kuwait:
Operation Desert Strike, American Air Strikes in the north to protect the
Kurdish population against the Iraqi Army attacks.
1996 – Bosnia:
Operation Joint Guard, On December 21, 1996, U.S. and NATO established the SFOR
peacekeepers to replace the IFOR in enforcing the peace under the Dayton
agreement.
1997 – Albania:
Operation Silver Wake, On March 13, 1997, U.S. military forces were used to
evacuate certain U.S. government employees and private U.S. citizens from
Tirana, Albania.[RL30172]
1997 – Congo and
Gabon: On March 27, 1997, President Clinton reported on March 25, 1997, a
standby evacuation force of U.S. military personnel had been deployed to Congo
and Gabon to provide enhanced security and to be available for any necessary
evacuation operation.[RL30172]
1997
–
Sierra Leone: On May 29 and May 30, 1997, U.S. military personnel were deployed
to Freetown, Sierra Leone, to prepare for and undertake the evacuation of
certain U.S. government employees and private U.S. citizens.[RL30172]
1997 – Cambodia: On
July 11, 1997, In an effort to ensure the security of American citizens in
Cambodia during a period of domestic conflict there, a Task Force of about 550
U.S. military personnel were deployed at Utapao Air Base in Thailand for
possible evacuations. [RL30172]
1998 – Iraq:
Operation Desert Fox, U.S. and British forces conduct a major four-day bombing
campaign from December 16–19, 1998 on Iraqi targets.[RL30172]
1998 –
Guinea-Bissau: Operation Shepherd Venture, On June 10, 1998, in response to an
army mutiny in Guinea-Bissau endangering the U.S. Embassy, President Clinton
deployed a standby evacuation force of U.S. military personnel to Dakar,
Senegal, to evacuate from the city of Bissau.[RL30172]
1998–99 – Kenya and
Tanzania: U.S. military personnel were deployed to Nairobi, Kenya, to
coordinate the medical and disaster assistance related to the bombing of the
U.S. Embassies in Kenya and Tanzania.[RL30172]
1998 – Afghanistan
and Sudan: Operation Infinite Reach, On August 20, President Clinton ordered a
cruise missile attack against two suspected terrorist training camps in
Afghanistan and a suspected chemical factory in Sudan.[RL30172]
1998 – Liberia: On
September 27, 1998, America deployed a stand-by response and evacuation force
of 30 U.S. military personnel to increase the security force at the U.S.
Embassy in Monrovia. [1] [RL30172]
1999–2001 – East Timor:
Limited number of U.S. military forces deployed with the United
Nations-mandated International Force for East Timor restore peace to East
Timor.[RL30172]
1999 – Serbia:
Operation Allied Force: U.S. and NATO aircraft began a major bombing of Serbia
and Serb positions in Kosovo on March 24, 1999, during the Kosovo War due to
the refusal by Serbian President Slobodan Milošević to end repression against
ethnic Albanians in Kosovo. This operation ended in June 10, 1999, when
Milošević agreed to pull out his troops out of Kosovo. In response to the
situation in Kosovo, NATO dispatched the KFOR peacekeepers to secure the peace
under UNSC Resolution 1244.[RL30172]
2000–2009
2000 – Sierra Leone: On May 12, 2000, a
U.S. Navy patrol craft deployed to Sierra Leone to support evacuation
operations from that country if needed.[RL30172]
2000 – Nigeria:
Special Forces troops are sent to Nigeria to lead a training mission in the
county.[10]
2000 – Yemen: On
October 12, 2000, after the USS Cole attack in the port of Aden, Yemen,
military personnel were deployed to Aden.[RL30172]
2000 – East Timor:
On February 25, 2000, a small number of U.S. military personnel were deployed
to support the United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor
(UNTAET). [RL30172]
2001 – On April 1,
2001, a mid-air collision between a United States Navy EP-3E ARIES II signals
surveillance aircraft and a People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) J-8II
interceptor fighter jet resulted in an international dispute between the United
States and the People's Republic of China called the Hainan Island incident.
2001– present – War
in Afghanistan: The War on Terror begins with Operation Enduring Freedom. On
October 7, 2001, U.S. Armed Forces invade Afghanistan in response to the 9/11
attacks and "begin combat action in Afghanistan against Al Qaeda
terrorists and their Taliban supporters."[RL30172]
2002 – Yemen: On
November 3, 2002, an American MQ-1 Predator fired a Hellfire missile at a car
in Yemen killing Qaed Salim Sinan al-Harethi, an al-Qaeda leader thought to be
responsible for the USS Cole bombing.[RL30172]
2002 – Philippines:
OEF-Philippines, As of January, U.S. "combat-equipped and combat support
forces" have been deployed to the Philippines to train with, assist and
advise the Philippines' Armed Forces in enhancing their "counterterrorist
capabilities."[RL30172]
2002
–
Côte d'Ivoire: On September 25, 2002, in response to a rebellion in Côte
d'Ivoire, U.S. military personnel went into Côte d'Ivoire to assist in the
evacuation of American citizens from Bouaké.[11][RL30172]
2003–2011 – War in Iraq:
Operation Iraqi Freedom, March 20, 2003, The United States leads a coalition
that includes the United Kingdom, Australia and Poland to invade Iraq with the
stated goal being "to disarm Iraq in pursuit of peace, stability, and
security both in the Gulf region and in the United States."[RL30172]
2003 – Liberia:
Second Liberian Civil War, On June 9, 2003, President Bush reported that on
June 8 he had sent about 35 U.S. Marines into Monrovia, Liberia, to help secure
the U.S. Embassy in Nouakchott, Mauritania, and to aid in any necessary
evacuation from either Liberia or Mauritania.[RL30172]
2003 – Georgia and
Djibouti: "US combat equipped and support forces" had been deployed
to Georgia and Djibouti to help in enhancing their "counterterrorist
capabilities."[12]
2004 – Haiti: 2004
Haitian coup d'état occurs, The US first sent 55 combat equipped military
personnel to augment the U.S. Embassy security forces there and to protect
American citizens and property in light. Later 200 additional US
combat-equipped, military personnel were sent to prepare the way for a UN
Multinational Interim Force, MINUSTAH.[RL30172]
2004
–
War on Terror: U.S. anti-terror related activities were underway in Georgia,
Djibouti, Kenya, Ethiopia, Yemen, and Eritrea.[13]
2004 –present: The
U.S deploys drone strikes to aid in the War in North-West Pakistan
2005–06 – Pakistan:
President Bush deploys troops from US Army Air Cav Brigades to provide
Humanitarian relief to far remote villages in the Kashmir mountain ranges of
Pakistan stricken by a massive earthquake.
2006 – Lebanon: part
of the 24th Marine Expeditionary Unit[14] begins evacuation of U.S. citizens
willing to leave the country in the face of a likely ground invasion by Israel
and continued fighting between Hezbollah and the Israeli military.[15][14]
2007 - The Mogadishu
Encounter, on November 4, 2007, Somali Pirate's boarded and attacked a North
Korean merchant vessel. Passing U.S Navy Ships and a helicopter that were
patrolling at the time responded to the attack. Once the ship was freed from
the pirates, the American forces were given permission to board and assist the
wounded crew and handle surviving pirates.
2007 – Somalia:
Battle of Ras Kamboni, On January 8, 2007, while the conflict between the
Islamic Courts Union and the Transitional Federal Government continues, an
AC-130 gunship conducts an aerial strike on a suspected al-Qaeda operative,
along with other Islamist fighters, on Badmadow Island near Ras Kamboni in
southern Somalia.[16]
2008 – South
Ossetia, Georgia: Helped Georgia humanitarian aid,[17] helped to transport
Georgian forces from Iraq during the conflict. In the past, the US has provided
training and weapons to Georgia.
2010
– present
2010 –present -
al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen: The U.S has been launching a series of drone
strikes on suspected al-Qaeda and al-Shabaab positions in Yemen.
2010–11 – Operation New
Dawn, On February 17, 2010, U.S. Secretary of Defense Robert Gates announced
that as of September 1, 2010, the name "Operation Iraqi Freedom"
would be replaced by "Operation New Dawn". This coincides with the
reduction of American troops to 50,000.
2011
– 2011
military intervention in Libya: Operation Odyssey Dawn, United States and
coalition enforcing U.N. Security Council Resolution 1973 with bombings of
Libyan forces.
2011 – Osama Bin
Laden is killed by U.S. military forces in Pakistan as part of Operation
Neptune Spear.
2011 – Drone strikes
on al-Shabab militants begin in Somalia.[18] This marks the 6th nation in which
such strikes have been carried out,[19] including Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iraq,
Yemen[20] and Libya.
2011–present –
Uganda: U.S. Combat troops sent in as advisers to Uganda.[21]
2012 – Jordan: 150
U.S. troops deployed to Jordan to help it contain the Syrian Civil War within
Syria's borders.
2012 – Turkey: 400
troops and two batteries of Patriot missiles sent to Turkey to prevent any
missile strikes from Syria.
2012 – Chad: 50 U.S.
troops have deployed to the African country of Chad to help evacuate U.S.
citizens and embassy personnel from the neighboring Central African Republic's
capital of Bangui in the face of rebel advances toward the city.
2013 – Mali: U.S.
forces assisted the French in Operation Serval with air refueling and transport
aircraft.
2013 – Somalia: U.S.
Air Force planes supported the French in the Bulo Marer hostage rescue attempt.
However, they did not use any weapons.
2013 – 2013 Korean
crisis
2013 – Navy SEALs
conducted a raid in Somalia and possibly killed a senior Al-Shabaab official,
simultaneously another raid took place in Tripoli, Libya, where Special
Operations Forces captured Abu Anas al Libi (also known as Anas al-Libi)[22]
2014 –present –
Uganda: V-22 Ospreys, MC-130s, KC-135s and additional U.S. soldiers are sent to
Uganda to continue to help African forces search for Joseph Kony.[23]
2014–present -
American intervention in Iraq: Hundreds of U.S. troops deployed to protect American
assets in Iraq and to advise Iraqi and Kurdish fighters.[24] In August the U.S.
Air Force conducted a humanitarian air drop and the U.S. Navy began a series of
airstrikes against Islamic State-aligned forces throughout northern
Iraq.[25][26]
2014 - American
rescue mission in Syria: The U.S attempted to rescue James Foley and other
hostages being held by ISIL. Air strikes were conducted on the ISIL military
base known as "Osama bin Laden camp". Meanwhile, the bombings, Delta
teams parachuted near an ISIL high-valued prison. The main roads were blocked
to keep any target from escaping. When no hostage was found, the American
troops began house to house searches. By this time, ISIL militants began
arriving to the area. Heavy fighting occurred until the Americans decided to
abandon the mission due to the hostages being nowhere in the area. Although the
mission failed, at least 5 ISIL militants were killed, however 1 American troop
was wounded. According to the reports, Jordan had a role in the operation and
that one Jordanian soldier had been wounded as well. This was unconfirmed.
2014–present -
American-led intervention in Syria: American aircraft bomb Islamic State
positions in Syr
ia. Airstrikes on al-Qaeda, al-Nusra Front and Khorasan positions
are also being conducted.
2014–present -
Intervention against the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant: Syrian locals
forces and American-led coalition forces launch a series of aerial attacks on
ISIL and al-Nusra Front positions in Iraq and Syria.
2014
- 2014
Yemen hostage rescue operations against al-Qaeda: On November 25, U.S Navy
SEAL's and Yemeni Special Forces launched an operations in Yemen in attempt to
rescue eight hostages that were being held by al-Qaeda. Although the operation
was successful, no American hostages were secured. In the first attempt, six
Yemenis, one Saudi Arabian, and one Ethiopian were rescued. On December 4,
2014, al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP) threatened to execute the Somers
if the U.S failed to the unspecified commands. AQAP also stated that they would
be executed if the U.S attempted another rescue operation. On December 6, a
second operation was launched. 40 U.S SEALs and 30 Yemeni troops were deployed
to the compound. A 10-minute fire fight occurred before the American troops
could enter where the remaining hostages (Somers and Korkie) were being held.
They were alive, but fatally wounded. Surgery was done in mid air when flying
away from the site. Korkie died while in flight, and Somers died once landed on
the USS Makin Island. No American troop was killed/injured, however a Yemenis
soldier was wounded.
2015 - April 30,
2015 U.S. sends ships to the Strait of Hormuz to shield vessels after Iranian
Seizure of commercial vessel: The U.S. Navy deploys warships to protect
American commercial vessels passing through the Strait of Hormuz from Iranian
interference. Concerns were also raised that Iranian gunships were trailing a
U.S. container ship. Iran additionally fired shots over the bow, and seized, a ship
registered in the Marshall Islands, part of a long-standing dispute between the
two nations.[27]
2015–present -
American military intervention in Cameroon
(Fonte KIKIPÉDIA)
